Jennifer\’s Story – A Fiduciary\’s Tale, Part 2
If you recall from Jennifer’s Story Part 1, Jennifer’s parents, Bill and Carla, were in a terrible car accident but had healthcare powers of attorney on file with their primary hospital and had designated each other as primary agents, and then Jennifer as the tertiary successor agent. Yet, no agent was listed as a back-up for Jennifer who was unavailable at the time of the accident. Bill and Carla were taken to the nearest hospital and were in critical condition upon arrival. Emergency measures had to be instituted immediately. Fortunately, Bill had his cardiologist’s card in his wallet. Also, Carla’s primary care doctor practiced in the same hospital as Bill’s cardiologist. However, both doctor’s were not in the hospital during the time of the accident; so they were being paged. Jennifer’s estranged brother, Alex, learned about the accident from his grandmother and went to the hospital post-haste. Accordingly, the hospital, when faced with an emergency where the agent is incapacitated and the successor agent is unavailable, followed its standard policy and began consulting with the “next of kin,” Alex. The doctor described the situation to Alex and the fact that Bill probably had a heart condition. Alex told them to do whatever they thought was best. This was 30 minutes before Jen’s arrival. When Jen entered the ER, she came upon the doctor explaining to Alex that the medication initially administered to Bill caused a severe reaction and, consequently, more emergency steps were needed to arrest the seizure. The seizure had subsided and Bill’s medical records had also arrived. However, damage to Bill’s heart was a great likelihood, as his blood pressure skyrocketed before and during the seizure. Furthermore, the seizure had made the overall stability of his condition much worse. Jen knew that certain medications would trigger this seizure and the information was, in fact, on his healthcare power of attorney. However, this was an emergency. Still, what if her father doesn’t fully recover? Who is responsible? Jen is about to ask and learn… Stay tuned… Jennifer\’s Story, A Fiduciary\’s Tale, Part 1 | 2 | 3
Jennifer\’s Story – A Fiduciary\’s Tale, Part 1
Fiduciaries are individuals who are held to a higher standard of legal accountability than others with whom folks may enter into agreements. The high standard is attributed to fiduciaries because usually they\’re responsible for making very important decisions or taking critical actions on behalf of others. In Estate Planning and Estate Administration, professional fiduciaries help families and individuals create and implement plans that will protect their interests. Professional fiduciaries include bankers, lawyers, financial advisors, doctors, and accountants. So, the interests these important folks protect involve money, one’s life, or confidential information about the same. The information you share with professional fiduciaries should be considered and treated as trusted confidential information, to be shared with only those individuals you expressly authorize to receive the information. If that trust is not respected, i.e., breached, because fiduciaries are held to a higher standard of accountability, the professional usually can be hauled into court. The down n dirty scoop on fiduciaries can start with Jennifer\’s story*: Jennifer was visiting her grandmother when she learned that her parents were involved in a horrible car accident. Jennifer flew back home immediately, heading to the hospital directly from the airport. At the hospital, she was informed by one doctor that both parents were placed in a medically-induced coma. Additionally, her brother, Alex, who had been estranged from the family for 10 years was standing in the ER speaking with another doctor. It was clear to Jennifer that the doctor had presumed Alex had authority to make decisions for her parents and was providing Alex with information about her parents health. When Jen asked the doctor why he was sharing information with her brother, the doctor informed her that the nature of the situation required the medical staff to engage with the next of kin to determine and obtain permission for urgent care and treatment. Yet, was that legally the case? Jennifer’s parents had healthcare powers of attorney on file with their preferred hospital. However… Stay tuned… Jennifer\’s Story – A Fiduciary\’s Tale, Part 1 | 2 | 3
1 Easy Best Practice to Execute before the New Year
As we continue reviewing estate planning fundamentals, let’s consider last week’s Best Practices Estate Planning tip posted on Facebook: “Every adult, regardless of age and income level, needs a healthcare power of attorney.” Young adults, and even their parents, may think this is going overboard, especially if they live at home. Yet, an adult with capacity has the right to make healthcare decisions on his or her own and also has a right of privacy regarding those healthcare decisions and his or her medical information. Recently, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was revised, increasing the privacy guards around the release of medical records and, thus, making it much more difficult for parents or next of kin to obtain this information and, especially to make medical decisions for adult children, without the requisite authority. Human beings experience a myriad of conditions and ailments, some of which we do not want our parents to know about, some of which we only want our parents to know about. Conversely, parents should share important medical history with children, so that children are well-informed about potential conditions that they or their children could experience as a result of inherited genes. Sometimes we don’t know about an inherited medical condition until an accident occurs. If, however, Mom is in an accident and hasn’t designated an adult child a Personal Representative on the HIPAA form, her adult child may not learn this important information. Like the property power of attorney, the healthcare power of attorney is a critical document for single parents with minor children. A minor child cannot be a healthcare power of attorney agent or a HIPAA personal representative and, if a minor is one’s only next of kin, then the document is even more important. Also similar to the property power of attorney, the agent’s authority for a healthcare power of attorney does not have to be effective immediately. However, language should consider emergency situations. Finally, if you’re considering separation or divorce, you should seriously consider executing powers of attorney that designate someone other than your spouse as the agent and personal representative. Do you really want someone who is going to be an ex-spouse to have the authority to “pull the plug”? So to round out the knowledge and authority needed for minimum estate planning protection, be sure to start the New Year with your property and healthcare power of attorney signed and tucked away.
Estate Planning and Bologna
It’s National Estate Planning Awareness Week, so this article digresses from the Marriage Equality Government March series that began last week. The regularly scheduled program will resume next week. This article is about estate planning sandwich meat, in particular, 3 common servings. “I have more important things to worry about.” Colleagues and I often share “war” stories about the one that got away: the potential client who cancelled an appointment and then went on a fabulous vacation. We shake our heads because the scary anecdotes we tell clients about what happens when families fail to plan are not just Halloween pranks, they’re the stuff law students study. Still, no one ever thinks it will happen to them or their families until someone is seriously injured, diagnosed with a catastrophic illness, or dies. Then, because of procrastination, certain wishes may not be possible and what would have been unnecessary legal services will be unavoidable and potentially more expensive. If you can think of something more important than having genuine peace of mind or maintaining family harmony while you’re going into surgery, do share. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ “I don’t need an estate plan; I don’t have anything.” In fact, you do have an estate plan. If you’re in Illinois, it’s the one the state created for you in 1975, called the Probate Act. Perhaps you don’t need a will or a revocable living trust, but I’ve yet to meet an adult who doesn’t need powers of attorney. Also, I haven’t met a parent with a minor child who doesn’t need a will. Finally, even if you “don’t have anything,” is it fair to burden loved ones with emotionally challenging decision-making and bills were something to happen to you? For individuals with modest estates, a little life insurance and powers of attorney can go a long way. Thus, yes, you do have “something.” Chapter 755 of the Illinois Compiled Statutes, Act 5, Article 2, Section 1 says so. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ “I can’t afford an estate plan.” Millions of people in this world go without buying quality items for a long time or ever. The decision-making process is similar to the one used when buying shoes. My elder family members – men and women – always cautioned me about shoe purchases. “You only have one pair of feet to last your entire life,” they warned. So was I going to buy cheap shoes and then pay a ton o cash to the podiatrist or buy good shoes and save a ton o cash in the long-term? Similarly, buying a will in a box or online are reasons why probate courts and lawyers who specialize in probate can end up with a ton o cash and why property goes unclaimed and why families feud. So, what kind of shoes do you like? Better yet, what kind of shoes do you want your children to buy? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ It’s National Estate Planning Awareness Week; the same week will occur again next year; and most who need to act will not have acted by then. However, if one person does act after reading this article, whether by contacting me or another attorney, then it will be worth it to them and their loved ones; and I will have made one more person proactively aware.
The Silver Tsunami Silver Lining, Pt 2: It\’s Never Too Late
Last week’s article described The Silver Tsunami and found Grandma Jen in a funky situation: she had become the guardian of 2 girls, Taylor, and Michelle, with insufficient resources left by their parents. This week’s article discusses Jen\’s alternatives. ONE. Jen needs to make sure that she has solid plans in place to provide for herself because if she’s not doing well Taylor and Michelle probably won’t either. These circumstances and Jen’s age, 52, require an estate plan that includes the requisite powers of attorney and a revocable living trust, naming a successor trustee who could step into her shoes were she to become incapacitated. That successor trustee, who should also be Jen\’s property power of attorney agent, should be working with a highly qualified financial planner and CPA, to ensure Jen’s financial needs are met. Under her trust, she should have at least 2 subtrusts, perhaps more, for the children, leaving Jen as Trustee and designating the financial advisor as a successor co-trustee and a trusted friend who would act as a successor co-trustee and successor guardian of the estates of the 2 children. The trust and powers of attorney would help considerably. Yet, additional questions she must consider are complex with serious implications: Who should determine how much of her income should be spent on her care – the trustee, the agent under her property power of attorney, or the agent under her healthcare power of attorney? What if there is not enough to fund Jen’s long-term care and college education for both girls? TWO. Let’s just say that Jen is a healthy, strong, and vibrant 52. She’s also at the younger end of the Boomer generation with at least 13 – 15 years of earning potential left. Thus she must make the best of it. Since estate and financial planning overlap and yours truly works with a number of financial and tax professionals, a financial professional would likely tell Jen to max out her retirement plan contributions, defer taking Social Security until the payout is 100%, and be mindful of the resources needed for Taylor and Michelle for at least 7-9 years after Jen’s retirement. This is also where retirement withdrawal strategies come into play. Let’s also say Jen stays healthy, retires comfortably, the girls graduate college but one flies back to the nest for an indeterminate period, an “Echo Birdie.” Now, in retirement, Jen has an extra adult to feed and shelter, which means she is again incurring additional daily expenses. What would happen if Taylor became seriously ill or injured? Has she done even nominal planning to safeguard her grandmother’s resources? Does Jen have insurance on Taylor? Thus while Jen and her late husband had an estate plan, Chris and Chaz didn’t, which isn’t surprising because 70% of all Americans, including Baby Boomers, haven’t planned or planned adequately for regular situations, not to mention the Silver Tsunami. This is just yet one more example of why estate planning is critical for the 99%rs. For recent information relevant to Baby Boomers, visit our Facebook page. The Silver Tsunami Silver Lining, Pt 1 | The Silver Tsunami Silver Lining, Pt 2
Talk Tips You Need for Aging Loved Ones Who Need Planning
Well, it starts like this… About a month ago, a friend’s husband came home from his evening workout at the gym with a look that wasn’t his usual “victory!” or “whipped puppy” face. She told me he looked deeply distraught, so she patted the area next to her on the sofa, turned off the TV, and asked, “What’s wrong?” He then told her about how one of our nicest neighbors, who was only 48 years old and in outwardly good health, bicycled to the gym that morning for his usual work out and minutes later collapsed from a heart attack and died right there. Our neighbor had a lovely wife and son who was a high school senior. At 48, he was assuredly looking forward to more graduations and maybe grandchildren. But for him it wasn’t to be and 48 is not old. I have more tragic stories but will stop this one here and say that this is a good place to start “the conversation” with parents or loved ones who you know need planning. Also, you should plan to have more than one of these conversations if you really want to see the most positive results – a plan prepared that brings peace of mind to your loved ones now and later. So that’s how you start the conversation – with a scary story. Mom has the velvet hammer. The next question is who do you start the conversation with? Let’s say both parents are living and still together; well, you start with the parent or family member who is most persuasive in obtaining results that affect the entire family. Dad, can you pass me the embalming fluid? You must also decide when the conversation should take place. I wouldn’t suggest having a discussion about death at the dinner table. Nor would I suggest entering into it like an intervention. This is a difficult topic already, so don’t make it more difficult. Start the sharing when you usually share stories about your day or your friends’ days but away from the dinner table. What if you never really shared before? Write a letter then start sharing. Planting the seed. When you do share a scary story, one of 2 things will happen: Either your loved one will want to know more or he or she will express sympathy and change the subject. If Mom or Dad wants to know more, then pick the tone up with whatever positive note you know, such as, “Yes it’s sad, but at least he had life insurance and a will.” Then stop. Of course, the logical progression is, “So Dad, do you have a will?” But by stopping and changing the subject yourself, you’ve done what my mother calls, “planted the seed.” Now Mom or Dad may want to continue the conversation, which is what we really want. But if he or she doesn’t, we must let it be. The seed has been planted. Next, it simply needs nurturing. Mom, meet The Joneses. We nurture the seed by watering the soil and waiting about a week or 2. After that time has passed, we bring up a related topic about one of their close friends or relatives who is in a comparable financial situation. This presumes that we know something about the friend’s or relative’s financial situation. It could be something similar to, “I ran into Ms. Jones the other day and she told me about the vacation home she and Mr. Jones just bought.” Then continue talking about how their children really enjoy being able to have a nice place to stay when they want to enjoy their “down time.” If the Joneses don’t nudge them into further conversation, somebody will – maybe you. Parents are proud when their children achieve more than they, but parents also want to be recognized for “knowing” or “experiencing” more along the lines of wisdom. So if you, his or her “child” has enough about herself to have a solid power of attorney, then surely “the tree will ensure that this document is in place so as to affirm the apple’s lineage.” Thus, as I said, having the conversation actually means having a series of conversations. This allows you to gently uncover any uneasiness and fears in a comfortable and safe environment. However, what if time is of the essence? Mom or Dad’s health is declining and action is needed sooner rather than later. We must then step out of ourselves and, as is often said by professional caregivers, “meet them where they are.” You can do this by imagining yourself at 75 or 85 years of age. You’re not as strong; you’re not as fast; and your income potential is 1/10th of what it once was. Friends and family members are dying and it is becoming more and more difficult to hide all the silver strands on your body. By earnestly stepping into the shoes of our aging loved ones, we realize the competing interests that come into play for them. On one hand there is the rational acknowledgment and desire to plan and on the other hand is denial based on fears caused by the ultimate lack of control over their mortality and that they will run out of money. Losing control is fundamentally a trust issue. And if loved ones don’t trust you, establishing that trust when they are vulnerable is going to be very difficult. This is where we must “meet them where they are.” Control isn’t just about money, either; also, it’s about dignity. This encompasses bodily integrity, mobility, and ownership and usability of their “stuff.” Here every person is different and respecting what our aging loved ones need to retain a feeling of dignity will, yes, lead to getting them to plan and sign papers. But first thing’s first. Address the issue of their need to control – to feel independent, to maintain their human dignity. Explain why you’re suggesting a caregiver once weekly, or a cane, or a
The Unintended Beneficiary You Should Guard Against
Because approximately 70% of Americans die intestate, that is without a will or some form of legal instrument transferring their estate assets, the probate courts are busy, at least in Illinois. Also busy are folks who want a piece of the pie but are not legally entitled to the smallest crumb of crust. Yet, courts are busy because these folks have misrepresented themselves and rightful heirs must prove their relationships. Worse are situations where heirs don’t have the means to claim their inheritances through the court system and, thus, must relinquish assets that might have been helpful to them or their families. This is the thorny bush that members of blended families and other non-traditional families often experience. So, below are a few primary estate planning documents and ways to prevent assets from falling into the no-good-son-in-law’s or dastardly step-daughter\’s hands. Power of attorney for property Problem: The designated agent can empty your bank accounts before you die. Answer: Name an intended beneficiary under your will as agent and provide explicit instructions in the power of attorney narrowing the agent\’s authority to access the accounts strictly for your benefit, e.g., pay your bills and daily living expenses. Furthermore, provide that the agent can only deplete all resources if it is absolutely necessary for your health or well-being. Use clear, explicit, unambiguous, plain language. If you must name someone who is not an intended beneficiary under your will or trust, make sure that an intended beneficiary has a copy of the power of attorney and narrow the authority more, providing that the agent cannot withdraw more than a particular percentage unless your health and well-being will be jeopardized and that the withdrawal information is shared with intended beneficiaries of your will. Will this stop someone from taking your account to zero if he or she really wants to? No, but it will give intended beneficiaries evidence for court. Power of attorney for healthcare Problem: With the right amount of authority, the designated agent can kill you. Answer: Enough said. Will Problem: The wrong person might inherit your estate. Answer: Explicitly state who will inherit what. Having a trust prepared is even better because then you don’t have to state your intentions explicitly in your will. However, make sure that powers of appointment, i.e., the authority to bequest your gifts to others, are limited in the manner you intend your gifts to be distributed. For example, if you die, leaving a great deal of wealth to your loving step-daughter whose husband is a sloth unworthy of an earwig’s toenail, you probably want language in your will or trust to prevent the sloth from inheriting your assets through your step-daughter in case she dies before they divorce. Revocable Living Trust Problem: The wrong person might inherit your estate and cause probate anyway. Answer: The primary reason for preparing a trust is to prevent your heirs from having to probate your estate. However, if you don’t want to cause your intended beneficiaries to lose some or all of their inheritance in litigation proving their relationship and proving the disinherited was, in fact, soundly and legally disinherited, see the above, \”Will,\” have an in terrorem provision, and, while you\’re lucid, write a letter to the disinherited spendthrift stating your reasons for disinheriting him or her. Upon your death, leave instructions for the trustee to deliver the letter with a copy of the in terrorem provision. You might want to have co-trustees in this case: one who’s a family member and one who is a disinterested party. Probate courts and lawyers are often unintended third party beneficiaries to wills or trusts, but they don’t have to be if estate planning documents are prepared with cautious forethought and care.
Logging Out of Your Digital Estate Plan
By now, you’ve undoubtedly heard about the wisdom of incorporating a “digital asset plan” in your estate plan. If you haven’t, feel free to visit my introductory article on the topic. However, if you are familiar with the concept, then this article will shed more light on the subject. Below you’ll find what can happen to a loved one’s digital account (email, Facebook, Twitter, etc.) when he or she passes away. Facebook Facebook has a “family-and-friend-friendly” policy. Surviving loved ones have 2 choices: memorialize the account or have it deleted. If a Facebook account is memorialized, which can be requested by anyone, then the account is somewhat frozen. Confirmed friends can post to the account and view it on their news feeds, but no one can access or change the account. Proven immediate family members or the executor are the only persons who can request the account’s deletion and must provide proof of the relationship through certified vital records or court documents. LinkedIn Ironically, LinkedIn, a professional social media network, has a somewhat more relaxed approach than Facebook. If LinkedIn is notified that a person has died, LinkedIn will close the account and remove the profile. Notification must provide, the member’s name, company where the member worked at most recently, the relationship between the person notifying LinkedIn and the member, a link to the member’s profile, and the member’s email address. Odd is the fact that LinkedIn doesn’t require proof of a relationship or death certificate. It seems that an unresponsive email is sufficient evidence. But to the poor individual who is only on vacation and friends decided to pull a prank, it might not be so sufficient. Hmmm…. Twitter Despite its brevity and awesomeness, Twitter is even more strict than Facebook. The only request observed is one to delete the account. If a loved one’s account is to be deleted, Twitter requires the following information from an immediate family member or executor: username and of the deceased user’s Twitter account, copy of the deceased’s death certificate, copy of the family member or executor’s government-issued identification, AND a signed statement providing the requester’s first and last name, email address, current contact information, relationship to the deceased or their estate, action requested, and brief description detailing how this account belongs to the deceased. Twitter denies access to everyone, regardless of relationship or fiduciary capacity; there is no tweeting after death. Instagram It looks like Instagram does its own investigation into a decedent\’s death. The platform simply asks requesters to email its staff about deceased users and then the folks at Instagram will let the requester know if any further information is available. Does anyone besides me thinks this is a little creepy? Gmail This is Google, so while access may be granted, a process will be required. First, the requester must provide Google with his or her full name, physical mailing address, email address, photocopy of a government-issued ID, the Gmail address of the deceased, and the death certificate of the deceased. Now, going through step 1 doesn’t guarantee access to the deceased’s email. Google may require the requester to take a second step 2: providing a court order or other materials. Hotmail Hotmail considers you dead if your account is inactive for 12 months. It will delete contents after 9 months of inactivity and delete the account after 12 months of inactivity. Plus, it’s unlikely that if you’re alive and want your contents back, that you’ll be able to retrieve them. Hotmail is a Microsoft platform, so it follows Microsoft’s “next of kin” process. To prove that you are the legal next of kin and that the account holder is deceased – or incapacitated – Microsoft requires: an official death certificate of the user; if the user is incapacitated, a certified document signed by a medical professional in charge of caring for the user (oops! HIPAA violation warning for doctors) or a signed court document providing that the requester is an agent with power of attorney or a conservator. Documents for decedents from a court must show that the requester is a trustee or an executor. And still further proof is needed to prove kinship: marriage certificate showing requester is surviving spouse (Query: What if spouse divorced and hates surviving family members?); signed power of attorney documents; copy of a will or trust (read privacy issues); a birth certificate for the user showing parentage of the requester; or guardianship documents; and a photocopy of the requester’s government-issued identification. Once all information is provided, the requester still does not gain access to the account but will instead receive a DVD of all the account\’s contents, including emails, attachments, address book, and Messenger contact list. The requester can ask for the account then to be closed. Lesson: Logging on to the digital world may be easy but permanently logging out isn’t. Hat tip: My intern, Lesley Gwam.
1 Question to Ask Before Saying You Will
A cardinal rule of estate planning is that the “intent of the testator” governs terms of the will or trust. The testator is the person who initially “writes” the will; the name for the person who writes the trust is a “grantor” or “settlor.” Lawyers draw the documents up but testators or grantors are the original writer – our clients. The terms of a will or trust are carried out by a fiduciary – an executor or a trustee. Fiduciaries are held to a higher legal standard of integrity because their roles are considered so important. So they can be sued if they do not follow the “intent of the writer,” so to speak. Yet, though I try to remind them, folks tend to forget about the other fiduciary roles that also carry a kind of “intent of the writer” rule. Let’s consider a brother-best friend story. Carrie was a single 35 year-old woman who, as a young teenager, witnessed her father die an agonizing death when he was stricken with a slowly debilitating and malignant brain tumor. So when Carrie got the bad news about her condition, she got her affairs in order and instead of designating her brother Don as the agent under her healthcare power of attorney, she named her best buddy, Tim. Carrie and Tim were just as close as Carrie and Don but they talked more openly about end-of-life issues ever since Carrie’s father passed. Carrie told Tim that she would never want to die in a hospital like her father and said she knew that she could count on him to fulfill her wishes. Well, Carrie’s days started dwindling and Don pleaded with Carrie to go into the hospital or into a hospice facility. Carrie refused. From her spacious apartment, she could hear birds chirp and children laugh outside. The pain was tolerable and she could move around a little with a cane. Daily care was difficult and speaking was getting even more difficult, but she was staying put. Then one day, Carrie couldn’t talk. Don pleaded with Tim now. Tim looked at his dear friend who had no appetite, occasionally winced at the pain, but smiled at the children\’s laughter underneath her bedroom window. Don wanted Carrie in a facility to be watched 24/7 because he couldn’t do it and Tim could only be with her a few hours a day. Tim agonized because he understood Don’s concerns and really wanted the same thing. But Tim saw Carrie’s smile at the sound of the birds, recalled her horrific struggles with her father’s death, and when Carrie passed on, in her home wearing a slight grin, Tim was also at peace. Healthcare decisions under a power of attorney include end-of-life decisions, and it\’s not just about medicine. But the agent’s role, as a fiduciary, is to step inside the shoes of the principal and make the decisions the principal would make. Doing anything less, even if it means what we would perceive as more and a better quality at the end of life is going against one’s fiduciary duty, ignoring the cardinal rule. So when you’re asked to be a fiduciary, think long and hard and then think again. How well do you know the principal’s shoes and can you stand to completely take yours off to walk in someone else’s?
4 Estate Planning Facts Everyone Should Know
1. You have an estate and a plan even if you’ve not done anything. The answer to how this is possible is found in the definition of “estate” and the law – at least for the state of Illinois. Your estate is everything you own – tangible and intangible. It includes retirement benefits, debts owed to you, your bicycle, your bodily tissues and organs, whatever may be in your bank accounts, and whatever remains of your coming paycheck after obligations are paid. Probate assets of those who die without a plan or a will in Illinois will be distributed according to the laws of intestacy per the Illinois Probate Act of 1975 as amended. Accordingly, debts, your bike, your bank accounts, and your paycheck will go to who the laws of intestacy and the court decides. So, regardless of what you possess and your actions, you have an estate plan. 2. Your estate plan, even the one you don\’t know about, is in effect during your lifetime. Documents you sign at medical and dental treatment facilities before being treated, and even some sporting events, typically involve you implicitly designating your “next of kin” to act on your behalf if you became incapacitated. Sometimes, this isn’t who you think it is. Since you’re going to sign these forms anyway, wouldn’t you rather make an actual decision before the dental cleaning? 3. Family and friends fight over stuff and the fight can become war. Love is love until death and then it becomes war. Folks will fight about could be grandma’s old cookie jar, gold coins, or memorial arrangements. Nevertheless, once a battle ensues, the only real winners are the litigators; they get most of the cookies. Considerations for this fact include: apathy for one\’s family; family harmony; good karma; and increasing the wealth of trial attorneys.* 4. The most important decision you can make in estate planning is not what to give away or who to give it to, but who will manage it or give it away for you. Even if you don’t interact with a certain individual regularly, they protect the cookie jar. These individuals, called “fiduciaries,” include personal bankers, financial planners and advisors, accountants, lawyers, trustees, agents under powers of attorney, guardians, and executors or personal representatives. A large part of guardianship and estate litigation involves the “breach of fiduciary duty,” where the fiduciary has dipped his or her hand into the cookie jar. Sometimes the fiduciary is a family member; sometimes a long-time, trusted friend and advisor; and sometimes not such a long-time friend but is still trusted. Thus, even if you’re not at the point of naming an executor, perhaps you should carefully consider who is going to step into your shoes and manage your finances if you become seriously ill or just go for an annual check-up; then designate someone…in writing. A thoughtful and appropriate designee may prevent abuse, breach, litigation, and possibly war. * Some of my dearest friends are trial attorneys.